Outcome Report of 2nd Expert Workshop on EU Proposed Regulation on Preventing and Combatting Online Child Sexual Abuse
A technology-focused assessment of detection tools and end-to-end encryption under the EU proposal, covering hashing, image and text classifiers, on-device techniques, secure enclaves, repurposing risks and legal safeguards.

Capacity: Completed in a personal academic capacity while Dr Leiser worked at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
What the report examines
A technology-focused assessment of detection tools and end-to-end encryption under the EU proposal, covering hashing, image and text classifiers, on-device techniques, secure enclaves, repurposing risks and legal safeguards.
- Reassesses six detection technologies across effectiveness, confidentiality, communications security, feasibility and the risk of repurposing.
- Examines the legal and technical implications of detection orders for open and end-to-end encrypted communications, including client-side and on-device approaches.
- Proposes safeguards on independent testing, audit, accuracy, human review, data-set bias, the Technology Committee, children’s participation and survivor representation.
Publication context
The second workshop was held at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and jointly organised by VU Amsterdam, ECPAT International and Leiden University. The report translates multidisciplinary technical discussion into proposed amendments and safeguards for the EU legislative debate.
Official and institutional records
Public work, attributed to the capacity in which it was completed.
This report predates DigiData Consulting and appears here as part of Dr M.R. Leiser’s public research record. The page names the institutional setting and academic capacity in which the work was completed. The downloadable PDF remains the authoritative publication.
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